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BiogeoChemical Cycles

Natural Resources II - Concepts

Management and Conservation of Natural Resources

Cycling of Materials

BiogeoChemical Cycles

Carbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle As Resource

Functions of various nutrient cycle

Class - 9th CBSE Subjects

Concept Explanation

Biogeochemical Cycles

‘Bio’ refers to living organisms and ‘geo’ to the air, water and soil of the earth. Chemical elements tend to circulate in a characteristic path—from the environment to organisms and back to the environment. These more or less circular paths are known as biogeochemical cycles or nutrient cycles. Circulation of various nutrients between the living and nonliving components of ecosystems are called biogeochemical cycles. During these cycles, inorganic nutrients get converted into food.

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Sample Questions

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Question : 1

Which of the following are correct : (a) Circulation of various nutrients between the living and nonliving components of ecosystems are called biogeochemical cycles. (b) During biogeochemical cycles, inorganic nutrients get converted into food. (c) The four important biogeochemical cycles in nature are the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, oxygen cycle and water cycle.
A. Only (a) and (b) are correct.		B. Only (b) and (c) are correct.
C. Only (a) and (c) are correct.		D. All of these.
Right Option : D
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Question : 2

Biogeochemical cycles are also known as ________________
A. Cycles of matter	B. Sedimentary cycles	C. Material cycling	D. Gaseous cycles
Right Option : A
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Question : 3

The nutrient flow is ________ in the cycle of energy and nutrient bflow in the ecosystem.
A. Cyclic	B. Non cyclic	C. High	D. Low
Right Option : A
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Explanation

The cyclic flow of nutrients within the ecosystem is called the biogeochemical cycle. The continuous transfer of nutrients that are necessary for the growth of organisms takes place from abiotic to biotic and biotic factors to abiotic factors in the ecosystem.

The producers are converting solar energy into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds. The primary consumers (herbivores) derive their food from the producers. According to the law on energy transfer, only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the other.
Thus, the energy captured by the producers does not return to the Sun and the energy transferred to the herbivores does not return to the producers. It just keeps moving to the next trophic level in a one-way direction. That's why the flow of energy in the food chain is always one-way.
The cyclic flow of nutrients within the ecosystem is called the biogeochemical cycle. The continuous transfer of nutrients that are necessary for the growth of organisms takes place from abiotic to biotic and biotic factors to abiotic factors in the ecosystem. The nutrient cycle operates continuously through the biosphere formed by the lithosphere, the atmosphere and the hydrosphere.
The recycling of these biogeochemicals depends on the level of energy transfer in the ecosystem. Any kind of disturbance at any level of these cycles affects the ecosystems and the balance of nature. There should therefore be a balance in the various biogeochemical cycles.
The flow of nutrients through the ecosystem is cyclic as nutrients move from one trophic level to another trophic level all the way up and down.

The cyclic flow of nutrients occurs in the following manner:

Producers/green plants that are present at the lowest trophic level make nutrients using the energy of the sun through the process of photosynthesis. These nutrients produced by the producers are passed on to primary consumers/herbivores.
Secondary consumers feed on primary consumers, resulting in the shift of nutrients from primary consumers to secondary consumers.
Tertiary and quaternary consumers also obtain nutrients from one or all of the lower trophic levels.
These nutrients are finally transferred back to the soil from higher trophic levels through decomposition. The process of decomposition is performed by organisms such as bacteria and fungi.

Option, Option Correct is A.

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